As the advances in hardware technology, the gap between fast CPU and theslow memory system is increased severely also in sequential computersystems. Hierarchical memory systems are used in sequential computers tobridge the gap. Cache is a widely used mechanism in the memory hierarchy.But it has been found that cache performance is not satisfying for manyimportant application algorithms since its hit ratio is very low for manyfrequently data access patterns due to conflict use of the cache lines. Thisproblem shares some similarity with the problem of memory module accessconflict in parallel memory systems discussed in Chapter 10. In addition,some special issue (data reuse rate) need to be considerate in cache systems.We will discuss the cache line conflict problem and some techniques to solveit in this chapter.
Now you can enable caching on your SimpleBookRepository so that the books are cached within the books cache. The following listing (from src/main/java/com/example/caching/SimpleBookRepository.java) shows the repository definition:
The Cache Memory Book Pdf Downlo
In the preceding sample output, the first retrieval of a book still takes three seconds. However, the second and subsequent times for the same book are much faster, showing that the cache is doing its job.
A browser cache is a database of files used to store downloaded resources from websites. Common resources in a browser cache include images, text content, HTML, CSS, and Javascript. The browser cache is relatively small compared to the many other types of databases used for websites.
The two widely used forms of modern RAM are static RAM (SRAM) and dynamic RAM (DRAM). In SRAM, a bit of data is stored using the state of a six-transistor memory cell, typically using six MOSFETs. This form of RAM is more expensive to produce, but is generally faster and requires less dynamic power than DRAM. In modern computers, SRAM is often used as cache memory for the CPU. DRAM stores a bit of data using a transistor and capacitor pair (typically a MOSFET and MOS capacitor, respectively),[27] which together comprise a DRAM cell. The capacitor holds a high or low charge (1 or 0, respectively), and the transistor acts as a switch that lets the control circuitry on the chip read the capacitor's state of charge or change it. As this form of memory is less expensive to produce than static RAM, it is the predominant form of computer memory used in modern computers.
One can read and over-write data in RAM. Many computer systems have a memory hierarchy consisting of processor registers, on-die SRAM caches, external caches, DRAM, paging systems and virtual memory or swap space on a hard drive. This entire pool of memory may be referred to as "RAM" by many developers, even though the various subsystems can have very different access times, violating the original concept behind the random access term in RAM. Even within a hierarchy level such as DRAM, the specific row, column, bank, rank, channel, or interleave organization of the components make the access time variable, although not to the extent that access time to rotating storage media or a tape is variable. The overall goal of using a memory hierarchy is to obtain the highest possible average access performance while minimizing the total cost of the entire memory system (generally, the memory hierarchy follows the access time with the fast CPU registers at the top and the slow hard drive at the bottom).
A different concept is the processor-memory performance gap, which can be addressed by 3D integrated circuits that reduce the distance between the logic and memory aspects that are further apart in a 2D chip.[35] Memory subsystem design requires a focus on the gap, which is widening over time.[36] The main method of bridging the gap is the use of caches; small amounts of high-speed memory that houses recent operations and instructions nearby the processor, speeding up the execution of those operations or instructions in cases where they are called upon frequently. Multiple levels of caching have been developed to deal with the widening gap, and the performance of high-speed modern computers relies on evolving caching techniques.[37] There can be up to a 53% difference between the growth in speed of processor and the lagging speed of main memory access.[38] 2ff7e9595c
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